What Are Stem Cells? Why Stem Cells So Important?
Do you know what are stem cells? Have you ever heard this word in the news?
You may have wondered what are stem cells, and how they’re being used to treat disease and injury.
Thus, I am going to share this term with you, and tell you why stem cells are so important to us.
Content:
- What are stem cells?
- Why is there such an interest in stem cells?
- Types of stem cells
- Importance of stem cells
- Conclusion
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are special human cells that are able to develop into many different cell types. This can range from muscle cells to brain cells.
In some cases, they can also fix damaged tissues. Stem cells have the remarkable potential to renew themselves. They can develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth.
Above: Stem cells can divide to form more cells or other different cells. Image credit: Yougenome
In the 1960s, more and more scientists felt interested on the “mysterious” stem cells, and thus brought on the research of stem cells. Through the research, the mysterious veil of stem cells has been gradually revealed.
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Why is there such an interest in stem cells?
Scientists, researchers and doctors hopes stem cell studies can help to:
- Increase understanding of how diseases occur. By watching stem cells mature into cells in bones, heart muscle, nerves, and other organs and tissue, researchers and doctors may better understand how diseases and conditions develop.
- Generate healthy cells to replace diseased cells (regenerative medicine). Stem cells can be guided into becoming specific cells that can be used to regenerate and repair diseased or damaged tissues in people. Now, researchers continue to advance the knowledge on stem cells and their applications in transplant and regenerative medicine.
- Test new drugs for safety and effectiveness. Before using investigational drugs in people, researchers can use some types of stem cells to test the drugs for safety and quality. This type of testing will most likely first have a direct impact on drug development first for cardiac toxicity testing.
Above: scientist. Image credit: Canva
Types of stem cells
Stem cells are divided into 2 main types:
1.Embryonic stem cells
Above: Embryonic stem cells under a microscope. Image credit: Nature
These stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. At this stage, an embryo is called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells.
The embryonic stem cells used in research today come from unused embryos. These results from an in vitro fertilization procedure are donated to science.
These embryonic stem cells can turn into more than one type of cell. This versatility allows embryonic stem cells to be used to regenerate or repair diseased tissue and organs.
For example, cells taken from one section of an embryo that might have become part of the eye can be transferred into another section of the embryo and could develop into blood, muscle, nerve, or liver cells.
Want to know more about embryonic stem cells? Watch this video: embryonic stem cell.
2.Adult stem cells
Above: Adult stem cells under a microscope. Image credit: Nature
These stem cells are found in most adult tissues, such as bone marrow or fat. Compared with embryonic stem cells, these cells are capable of giving rise only to a few types of cells that develop into a specific tissue or organ.
Adult stem cells are only present in small numbers. The adult stem cell is one of the class of cells that we have been able to manipulate quite effectively in the bone marrow transplant over the past 30 years.
There is one special type of adult stem cells. They are called induced pluripotent stem cells. These are adult stem cells that have been changed in a lab to be more like embryonic stem cells.
Induced pluripotent stem cells don’t seem to be different from embryonic stem cells, but scientists have not yet found one that can develop every kind of cell and tissue.
Want to know more about adult stem cells? Watch this video: adult stem cell.
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Importance of stem cells
Above: Potential use of stem cell. Image credit: Wikipedia
Perhaps the most important potential application of human stem cells is the generation of cells and tissues that could be used for cell-based therapies.
Today, donated organs and tissues are often used to replace ailing or destroyed tissue, but the need for transplantable tissues and organs far outweighs the available supply.
Stem cells, directed to differentiate into specific cell types, offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases including macular degeneration, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Undoubtedly, stem cells have been increasingly important in our everyday life due to their special ability to tackle some incurable diseases nowadays. We not only have to know what stem cells are but also NEED stem cells in order to prevent diseases.
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Above: Natural Stem Cell Supplement. Image credit: Lavier
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